The importance of music in Candomblé
In Candomblé, music plays a fundamental role in the invocation of the orixás, who act as intermediaries between humans and the gods.
Spiritual connection
Through rhythms and chants, followers establish a spiritual connection that allows the orixás to manifest. In the Bahia de Todos os Deuses (Bahia of All Gods), the priestesses and followers of Candomblé, with their pompous costumes – turbans (torços), coastal scarves, loose robes, and starched petticoats, as well as bracelets and necklaces in the colours of the orixás – have created an image that has become a traditional symbol of Afro-Brazilian culture.
Sacred drums
The sacred drums, known as Run (the largest), Rumpi (the medium) and Lé (the smallest), play a fundamental role in rituals and are treated by followers as true gods. These drums receive offerings, bows and are an integral part of the cult.
They are not ordinary or “pagan” instruments; they are christened with a ceremony involving a godfather and godmother, holy water and specific rituals. Every year they are “fed” with dendê oil, honey, holy water and the blood of a chicken, which is ritually sacrificed because four-legged animals are never offered to the drums.
Music and the incorporation of the Orixás
Ritmo do Candomblé
Music is essential to Candomblé because it is through music that the orixás are incorporated. The drums communicate directly with the gods, calling them back to earth.
Instruments used
In addition to the atabaques, other instruments are used, such as the aguidavi (green wooden sticks), with which the atabaques are played, and the agogô (a single or double metal bell), which marks the rhythm with a metal stick.
Each Candomblé nation has its own variations in the way the atabaques are played. For example, in the terreiros of the Angola nation, the drums are played with the hands, while in the terreiros of the Ketu nation, aguidavis are used.
Rhythms of the Orixás
Each orisha has its own rhythms that reflect its nature. Among the best known rhythms in Candomblé are
- Ajagun, a warrior rhythm dedicated to Ogum;
- Alujá, the powerful rhythm of Xangô;
- Agueré, used by Oxóssi, the orisha of the hunters;
- Igbin, a slow rhythm dedicated to Oxalá;
- Opanijé, characteristic of Omolú.
The Ijexá is another important rhythm, mainly associated with Oxum, but also with Ogum, Oxóssi, Logunedé and Oxalá.
Conclusion
These rhythms, with their diversity and complexity, are central elements of religious practice in Candomblé and deserve further study to understand their cultural richness and spirituality.
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